The Constitutional Interpretation Of The Constitution Essay

Traditional Originalism led the court as the method of constitutional interpretation until the late nineteenth century. Judges were compelled to interpret the Constitution based on the original meaning of the provisions. The Originalism view interprets the constitution line by line exactly as the founders would have found it. Later, during the early twentieth century, progressives in the legal community proclaimed that due to the changing social environment as time goes on in the nation, the political system needed to be reconfigured. They thought that the political system needed increased national government authority and a modern administrative state. They also thought that the increased national authority and modern administrative state wouldn’t work well with the traditional Originalism interpretation of the constitution. After long political battles in and out of the court, they won the argument and the Constitution would be adapted without formally amending it. Debates w ere waged over whether or not the Constitution could be changed through interpretation instead of the originalist requirement of amendment, and over whether or not the Constitution was to be viewed as living. The notion of a â€Å"living constitution† was developed, and slowly set precedent as landmark cases made their way through the supreme court, and the interpretation of the constitution was put to the test. Now, the Constitution is interpreted according to what it says in it’s entirety, instead of lineShow MoreRelatedAn Introduction to the Constitutional Principles of American Government1406 Words   |  6 Pagesa victory in what way soever. The most powerful â€Å"rules of the game† is the Constitution and the most important thing is to construe it correctly. More than 200 years the US Constitution remains the organic law of successfully developing state, which territory and population have increased many times over, and the political and economic life has changed radically. In the context of United States constitutional interpretation, invariability, political stability and fundamental nature of this law ofRead MoreThe Debate On Constitutional Interpretation1730 Words   |  7 Pagesdebate on Constitutional interpretation is far from a new one. For years, the argument over how the Constitution should be read has varied, from the strict textualist approach to the most l enient, the instrumentalist position. The Constitution has long been referred to in terms of being a living or dead document, and its interpretation has significant ramifications on this country’s legal climate. This paper will analyze and compare two different forms of Constitutional interpretation: originalismRead MoreThe Constitution And The Law877 Words   |  4 Pages Our Constitution is over two centuries old and since the birth of it as early as 1803 the Supreme Court defined its role and power in the case, Marbury v. Madison, 1803, establishing the authority to define what the law is. Thus, if the law is confusing, it is up to the courts to interpret the law through the process of judicial review. There is much controversy as to whether or not judges are following the laws as written or imposing their personal preferences and rewriting law to suit themselvesRead MoreThe Interpretative approach adopted by South African Courts Essay963 Words   |  4 Pages1) INTRODUC TION: The enactment of both interim and final Constitutions ushered in a new approach to statutory interpretation. In this essay I argue that the statement made by the court in Daniels v Campbell 2003 (9) BCLR 969 ( C ) at 985 is TRUE. 2) THE INTERPRETATIVE APPROACH ADOPTED BY SOUTH AFRICAN COURTS PRE- 1994: Before 1994 South Africa was a country based on Apartheid rules and regulations. The Parliament was the highest legislative body and it interpreted laws as it pleased, mostly inRead MoreInterpreting and Correcting the Constitutional907 Words   |  4 Pagestake it a different way. As the audience changes, so does the meaning. When it comes to interpreting the Constitution, the same principle remains. It is extremely difficult to interpret the U.S. Constitution, because of its complexity and fragility. Also, the fact is when time changes, people change. In other words, different generations have different interpretations of what the Constitution says that they can do. Which leads to textualism, causing the judges of the Supreme Court to decide whetherRead MoreThe Case Of The United States Constitution1354 Words   |  6 Pagesdocument to a contemporary situation, context is integral to proper analyzation. In the case of the United States Constitution, many political theorists share their opinion, on what they believe to be, the optimal interpretation of the document, however, only Antonin Scalia’s originalist ideology repels personal and moral views during analysis and encourages understanding the Constitution as originally intended. It is not the job of a United States judge, nor should it be the job of one, to interveneRead MoreJudicial Review And The Indian Courts1444 Words   |  6 Pagesvalidity of legislative as well as other governmental action with reference to the provisions of the constitution. The judiciary tries to undo the harm that is being done by the legislature and executive and they also try to provide every citizen what has been guaranteed by the constitution. Judicial review has a more technical significance in public law, particularly in countries having a written constitution which are founded on the concept of limited government. Judicial review in this case means thatRead MoreThe Constitution Is Revered For Both Its Age And Its Brevity944 Words   |  4 PagesThe U.S Constitution is revered for both its age and its brevity. The Constitution is a short and concise document has been able to stand the test of time and it has remained the ultimate guide of principles for law creation and enforcement. With that being said, the words of the Constitution are unclear in many respects. Politicians have debates over the Constitution due to the reason that it is difficult to figure out what the Framers meant when they originally wrote the Constitution. AccordingRead MoreThe Decision Of The Court Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesStewart, it is in the best interest of the country, and the Constitution that I urge you to not allow for a set of specific guidelines to be put in place to tell the Justices of the Court, how to interpret the Constitution. With the decision of Marbury v. Madison in 1803 the Court established its power of Judicial review(Judicial Learning Center, Web insert hyperlink), and it is up to the Just ices to decide when and how the Constitution will be interpreted. This memo will address the following issuesRead MoreStereotypical Portrayal Of Homosexuals And The Homophobia Towards Homosexuals1656 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause of their view on constitutional interpretation. A Dworkinian approach was taken during this case because the court took more a legislative role than a judicial role. Ronald Dworkin recommends that judges approach the Constitution as â€Å"a constitution of principle† rather than a â€Å"constitution of detail†(Dworkin â€Å"The Constitutional Drama†, 119). Dworkin believes that this view of constitutional principle is keeping the framers original intentions and language in the constitution more than an originalists

Roman Architecture And Its Impact On Society - 1550 Words

Introduction Roman architecture is a thing of the past; however, it still has a large impact upon society today. Roman buildings are what our buildings were derived from, a lot of the art we think of when we see a building was once thought of by the romans, was once built by the romans, and some of these buildings are still standing today, not many, but a few. Now, roman architecture is significant because of how it affected the growth of our architecture, how it evolved changed how we evolved. This will show how roman architecture began as a thing of functionality and grew to a thing of beauty. Roman period Roman architecture was originally founded by the Greeks, and was, in reality, a continuation of Greek architecture. Some say the Romans brought architecture to a new level, I say that the romans just enhanced what was already there. The Romans adopted new techniques, used new materials, and combined existing techniques/materials with creative designs to create new architectural structures. A few examples of these new structures are; the basilica, triumphal arch, aqueduct, amphitheater, granary building, and residential housing. Many of these additions to architecture were spurred by Rome’s need to grow. The reason that these buildings grew so large and became so wide spread was because they were funded by a state apparatus, causing these constructions to survive until the present day. Roman architects continued to follow the guidelines establishedShow MoreRelatedHum100 - Artistic Themes from Ancient Cultures: Greece and Rome1237 Words   |  5 Pagesand Rome It is hard to think of the ancient world without looking at the Greek and Roman empires. Although similar, the Greek and Roman empires are two different cultures. They existed from 500 B.C.E. to 500 C.E. (Fiero, 2006). One constant in both cultures was their pursuit of perfection in their art and architecture. This paper will examine this pursuit of perfection in both cultures and how their impact is felt in the modern age. One of the most stunning facets of ancient Greece was the artRead MoreAncient Greek And Romes Impact On Western Literature1642 Words   |  7 Pages The impact greek and roman culture had on western civilization The ancient Greeks and Romans were two of the greatest civilizations of the ancient world. The two civilizations thrived in their ancient environments which eventually led to a large amount of wealth within these two cultures. It is because of this that these ancient cultures were able to make a variety of advancements in literature, architecture, art and many other fields. These two civilizations also produced some of the ancient world’sRead MoreSocial Structure in the Colosseum1229 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ The Ancient Roman Social Structure in the Colosseum Ancient Rome is one of the greatest and most influential societies in the history of the world. From the basic rules of how the Roman Empire is set up to the infrastructures in the city, the strict hierarchy of Roman social structure can be reflected clearly all over the whole ancient Rome. In fact that â€Å"public architecture presents people with the official view of a society and provides the background against which its individual markersRead MoreThe Roman Empire1551 Words   |  7 PagesStep 1: Plan What kind of technology in the Roman Empire affect its growth the most? I will be investigating from the start of the Roman Empire in 753 BCE to when the Western Roman Empire fell in 476 CE. This investigation will have a broad scope while investigating and include things from the Roman Legion to aqueducts and concrete. This investigation will not include technology that was not widely used to better the Roman Empire. The research question will answer my question by conducting researchRead MoreRoman Architecture1056 Words   |  5 Pagesaffected by ancient Roman architecture. This ancient Roman architecture came to be around the time period of the Pax Romana in the Roman Empire. It was a time of great wealth and prosperity for the empire which brought it into a time of a sort of golden age for architecture. This type of architecture was influenced by the ancient Greeks, but it took their ideas and transformed them to better advantage their own empire. These ideas and works are st ill being used today in our society in some of the mostRead MoreThe Greatest Accomplishments of the Pax Romana?1214 Words   |  5 Pagesprosperity and relative peace. The Roman empire experienced a golden age after the fall of the Roman Republic, arguably one of the greatest golden ages in history. The Pax Romana began in 27 B.C. and it reigned for 200 years before falling. The Pax Romana was a time of great prosperity with many accomplishments. The Pax Romana was not only significant because of the amount of wealth and power it wielded at the time, but it also contributed an enormous amount to society today. These contributions canRead MoreHow Architects Change The World1638 Words   |  7 PagesHow Architects Change the World â€Å"To provide meaningful architecture is not to parody history, but to articulate it.†- Daniel Libeskind Mankind has built structures since the beginning of time and every structure which has been built throughout history has a story behind it. The reasons for building these structures are many and varied. The main reason for building a structure is out of necessity. Buildings such as the aqueducts of Rome, Windsor Castle of Medieval Europe, and the Golden GateRead MoreAncient Greeks And The Ancient Romans1150 Words   |  5 Pages The Romans had one of the most innovative and influential ancient civilizations. Although arguments can be made for the Ancient Greeks and the Ancient Egyptians, it can be seen that the modern world had adopted many of the values and ideas of the Ancient Romans. The achievements, ideas, and values of the Ancient Romans have had a lasting impact on the modern world. The majority of people don’t know that many of the things they take for granted came from Ancient Rome. Architecture One of theRead MoreEtruscan Culture, Architecture, Art, And Religion936 Words   |  4 Pages1. What were some key aspects of Etruscan culture, architecture, art, and religion? Little is known about Etruscan culture, but from what evidence that has been discovered we know that they were indigenous people of what we today call Italy and Turkey. Some other things we do know is that they inherited some aspects of their culture from the Greeks such as their art, literature, and religion. The Etruscan architecture, being influenced by the Greeks, had temples with stone foundations that wereRead MoreGreek s Influence On The Roman Way Of Life976 Words   |  4 PagesGreek’s Influence on the Roman Way of Life It is no secret that the Greeks have made a huge impact on how the Romans lived their life. The Romans very much admired the way the Greeks did life, and did a fine job of adapting it. â€Å"Rome showed an extraordinary talent for adopting and adapting the best of other cultures: Etruscan and Greek† (Fiero 165). Time after time, we see that the past cultures have effect on future cultures and the way of living. The past cultures is sort of like a trial and error

E-business free essay sample

1) How does Freitag.ch differentiate itself in the transaction process? Explain the operational concepts as well as corresponding IC-Systems. Figure out specialties in the phases and try to derive, why Freitag.ch decided on this concept. Operating in the market since 1993, Freitag.ch became a successful business for producing handbags followed by other related products (who also resulted very efficacious findings). This business was built up based on the principle of making something useful from waste. (http://www.freitag.ch/support/faq) This is a factor, which differentiates it from the production point of view. Among the phases of transaction processes Freitag.ch searches for truck tarps, bicycle inner tubes, seat belts and recycled airbags, its raw materials for the bags. For the procurement of these materials Freitag.ch gets in contact with everyone willing to sell such used products by its communication ways on the official website. (http://www.freitag.ch/tarps ) For this purpos e a flyer is also prepared which orients better the potential suppliers. (http://www.freitag.ch/medias/sys_master/8807415382046/TtSF_e_v2.0_FINAL.pdf ) The official website is build upon a Service Oriented Architecture and mashups to ensure the following products and services to both customers and suppliers: -Online store -Updated e-catalogues of products -E-search -Attractive and informative video presentations -Store locator -The company history -Well-structured FAQ -Facts and figures -Awards All the above mentioned services and information offer a complete view of what Freitag.ch really is and how it works, appealing many clients and suppliers. Not only confirm their success but they also make a serious presentations in relation with suppliers giving all needed details and terms of collaboration conditions. (http://www.freitag.ch/agb ) 2) Does freitag.ch follow a multichannel strategy, concerning their distribution channels? Please describe, what problems may result from different (one-or multichannel-channel-) distribution strategies, and how they are (or may be in future) handled by Freitag.ch . Freitag.ch relies on multi distribution channels. It offers: online shopping of the products stores in many cities around the world different retailers contracted Using a multichannel distribution strategy enlarges the segment of customers Freitag.ch reaches. On the other hand it has its risks. For example: letting other retailers to sell its products, Freitag.ch risks not to sends to its clients the appropriate message that its actual stores represent. It is obvious that a part of the fans of freitag.ch are seduced by the fact that it makes useful wasted resources, not only when producing but also for the stores they build. What Freitag brothers first wanted was to sell bags-made-from-tarps in a shop-made-from-containers actualizing their motto of not wasting even on their stores. This is a very important message for a considerable part of the clients, which risks missing on other retailers’ stores. To avoid it Freitag should be more selective and a bit imposing of its basic principles when contracting retailers. 3) Which general E-Business-strategy is carried out by Freitag.ch at the moment? Try to find out about their business model (with its partial models) and basic strategic concepts – as far as possible with their situation in mind. There are three ways a company can choose to compete in the market and seduce the customers: Differentiation strategy –It is a strategy whereby a marketer offers a product as unique in industry by proving that it provides a distinct advantage over other products by setting it apart from other competitors’ brands in some way or the other, besides price. Cost leader strategy – is based on a marketing strategy in which price is the main strategic tool and where the business generates economic value by having lower costs than competitors Segmentation strategy – is a marketing plan where all marketing efforts are directed at one particular market segment. Among the competitive strategies I see Freitag.ch leaning mainly on differentiation strategy. From the first moment it came up as a new idea of producing bags from old tarps (which handle a story) and is still working to find enough sources so it can go on offering unique products to its clients. Considering the different channels that Freitag.ch utilizes (*Virtual communities, *Online shop, *e-Purchasing, *e-Catalogue, *e-Search) I could say it has a high level of electronification and also has innovated the traditional way of making business. More in detail, listing the basic questions a business model arises, I may say: Who is the customer? Freitag.ch reaches many kinds of customers, the sportive and the practical one (its ‘Fundamental’ line), the modern one and the stylish one (its ‘Reference’ line), almost all kinds of ages. It is also updated with the new demands the technology brings nowadays, offering appropriate products for any specific appliance (iPhone, iPad, MacBook, Agenda, Notebook) What value do we offer to the customer? Freitag.ch definitely offers quality and uniqueness. How can we make money in this business? Keep on sewing unique products delivering the same message to the clients. The communication and distribution channels to reach clients and offer them the value proposition The relationships established with clients The resources needed The partners and their motivations to collaborate The revenue generated 4) What makes Freitag.ch special regarding their relation to customers? Take the approaches of hybrid E-Business-Strategies as a starting point, pick out innovative concepts and features as well as future possibilities. From the customer aspect, despite the quality, the most important they offer is the uniqueness of the bags. Freitag.ch cures in details every bag, made of used truck tarps with its own story, look and state of use. The preparation process goes on by cutting by hand and sewing pieces of tarps. In this globalized and massive market we know how is worth such an individual and meaningful product. Furthermore during the years they have developed a brand in which people now trust and are willing to purchase. Based on this I can position Freitag.ch approaching despite differentiation strategy toward segmentation strategy. This formula of strategies allows them to have demands and continuous sells even though their prices may not be the cheapest. If someone today tends to purchase a Freitag product it does not happen at random. It is a client that knows the company, the way it works, the value it adds to its products through the entire process before selling and is for these reasons why it is willing to pay. In Addition an important element we notice on its business approaches is that Freitag carries out a combination of Value-Oriented and Network-Oriented. 5) What strategic suggestions would you offer Freitag.ch for upcoming E-Business challenges? Develop your own ideas referring to the SWOT analysis! A scan of the internal and external environment is an important part of the strategic planning process. Environmental factors internal to the firm are usually classified as strength (S) or weaknesses (W), and those external to the firm are classified as opportunities (O) or threats (T). Such an analysis of the strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. The SWOT analysis provides information that is helpful in matching the firm’s resources and capabilities to the competitive environment in which it operates. Strengths A firm’s strengths are its resources and capabilities that can be used as a basis for developing a competitive advantage. Examples of strengths for Freitag.ch include: Strong brand names It is a fact that ‘Freitag’ is already a brand name. I think it is one of the major reasons that sign the success of its products Good reputation among customers – In general if you have a glance at the forums and virtual communities clients are telling they are very satisfied with the products they purchased Weaknesses The absence of certain strengths may be viewed as a weakness. In the case of Freitag.ch the following may be considered as weaknesses: Reputation among customers – Referring again to what customers say on virtual communities once in a while we find comments complaining about the odor of High cost structure Lack of access to resources –Its not so easy to find enough used tarpaulins and also colored (as Daniel Freitag cited) ‘While the company has been able to grow, the biggest challenge isn’t finances. It’s finding enough usable tarpaulin, especially with exotic colors and designs,- Daniel Freitag said at the â€Å"Out of the Bag† exhibition at Zurich’s design museum. Opportunities The external environment analysis may reveal certain new opportunities for profit and growth. Some examples of such opportunities include: Arrival of new technologies –Freitag is keeping updated with the development of technology to fulfill any new needs (i-Products and others) E-business free essay sample 1) How does Freitag.ch differentiate itself in the transaction process? Explain the operational concepts as well as corresponding IC-Systems. Figure out specialties in the phases and try to derive, why Freitag.ch decided on this concept. Operating in the market since 1993, Freitag.ch became a successful business for producing handbags followed by other related products (who also resulted very efficacious findings). This business was built up based on the principle of making something useful from waste. (http://www.freitag.ch/support/faq) This is a factor, which differentiates it from the production point of view. Among the phases of transaction processes Freitag.ch searches for truck tarps, bicycle inner tubes, seat belts and recycled airbags, its raw materials for the bags. For the procurement of these materials Freitag.ch gets in contact with everyone willing to sell such used products by its communication ways on the official website. (http://www.freitag.ch/tarps ) For this purpose a flyer is also prepared which orients better the potential suppliers. (http://www.freitag.ch/medias/sys_master/8807415382046/TtSF_e_v2.0_FINAL.pdf ) The official website is build upon a Service Oriented Architecture and mashups to ensure the following products and services to both customers and suppliers: -Online store -Updated e-catalogues of products -E-search -Attractive and informative video presentations -Store locator -The company history -Well-structured FAQ -Facts and figures -Awards All the above mentioned services and information offer a complete view of  what Freitag.ch really is and how it works, appealing many clients and suppliers. Not only confirm their success but they also make a serious presentations in relation with suppliers giving all needed details and terms of collaboration conditions. (http://www.freitag.ch/agb ) 2) Does freitag.ch follow a multichannel strategy, concerning their distribution channels? Please describe, what problems may result from different (one-or multichannel-channel-) distribution strategies, and how they are (or may be in future) handled by Freitag.ch . Freitag.ch relies on multi distribution channels. It offers: online shopping of the products stores in many cities around the world different retailers contracted Using a multichannel distribution strategy enlarges the segment of customers Freitag.ch reaches. On the other hand it has its risks. For example: letting other retailers to sell its products, Freitag.ch risks not to sends to its clients the appropriate message that its actual stores represent. It is obvious that a part of the fans of freitag.ch are seduced by the fact that it makes useful wasted resources, not only when producing but also for the stores they build. What Freitag brothers first wanted was to sell bags-made-from-tarps in a shop-made-from-containers actualizing their motto of not wasting even on their stores. This is a very important message for a considerable part of the clients, which risks missing on other retailers’ stores. To avoid it Freitag should be more selective and a bit imposing of its basic principles when contracting retailers. 3) Which general E-Business-strategy is carried out by Freitag.ch at the moment? Try to find out about their business model (with its partial models) and basic strategic concepts – as far as possible with their situation in mind. There are three ways a company can choose to compete in the market and seduce the customers: Differentiation strategy –It is a strategy whereby a marketer offers a product as unique in industry by proving that it provides a distinct advantage over other products by setting it apart from  other competitors’ brands in some way or the other, besides price. Cost leader strategy – is based on a marketing strategy in which price is the main strategic tool and where the business generates economic value by having lower costs than competitors Segmentation strategy – is a marketing plan where all marketing efforts are directed at one particular market segment. Among the competitive strategies I see Freitag.ch leaning mainly on differentiation strategy. From the first moment it came up as a new idea of producing bags from old tarps (which handle a story) and is still working to find enough sources so it can go on offering unique products to its clients. Considering the different channels that Freitag.ch utilizes (*Virtual communities, *Online shop, *e-Purchasing, *e-Catalogue, *e-Search) I could say it has a high level of electronification and also has innovated the traditional way of making business. More in detail, listing the basic questions a business model arises, I may say: Who is the customer? Freitag.ch reaches many kinds of customers, the sportive and the practical one (its ‘Fundamental’ line), the modern one and the stylish one (its ‘Reference’ line), almost all kinds of ages. It is also updated with the new demands the technology brings nowadays, offering appropriate products for any specific appliance (iPhone, iPad, MacBook, Agenda, Notebook) What value do we offer to the customer? Freitag.ch definitely offers quality and uniqueness. How can we make money in this business? Keep on sewing unique products delivering the same message to the clients. The communication and distribution channels to reach clients and offer them the value proposition The relationships established with clients The resources needed The partners and their motivations to collaborate The revenue generated 4) What makes Freitag.ch special regarding their relation to customers? Take the approaches of hybrid E-Business-Strategies as a starting point, pick out innovative concepts and features as well as future possibilities. From the customer aspect, despite the quality, the most important they offer is the uniqueness of the bags. Freitag.ch cures in details every bag, made of used truck tarps with its own story, look and state of use. The preparation process goes on by cutting by hand and sewing pieces of tarps. In this globalized and massive market we know how is worth such an individual and meaningful product. Furthermore during the years they have developed a brand in which people now trust and are willing to purchase. Based on this I can position Freitag.ch approaching despite differentiation strategy toward segmentation strategy. This formula of strategies allows them to have demands and continuous sells even though their prices may not be the cheapest. If someone today tends to purchase a Freitag product it does not happen at random. It is a client that knows the company, the way it works, the value it adds to its products through the entire process before selling and is for these reasons why it is willing to pay. In Addition an important element we notice on its business approaches is that Freitag carries out a combination of Value-Oriented and Network-Oriented. 5) What strategic suggestions would you offer Freitag.ch for upcoming E-Business challenges? Develop your own ideas referring to the SWOT analysis! A scan of the internal and external environment is an important part of the strategic planning process. Environmental factors internal to the firm are usually classified as strength (S) or weaknesses (W), and those external to the firm are classified as opportunities (O) or threats (T). Such an analysis of the strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. The SWOT analysis provides information that is helpful in matching the firm’s resources and capabilities to the competitive environment in which it operates. Strengths A firm’s strengths are its resources and capabilities that can be used as a basis for developing a competitive advantage. Examples of strengths for Freitag.ch include: Strong brand names It is a fact that ‘Freitag’ is already a brand name. I think it is one of the major reasons that sign the success of its products Good reputation among customers – In general if you have a glance at the forums and virtual communities clients are telling they are very satisfied with the products they purchased Weaknesses The absence of certain strengths may be viewed as a weakness. In the case of Freitag.ch the following may be considered as weaknesses: Reputation among customers – Referring again to what customers say on virtual communities once in a while we find comments complaining about the odor of High cost structure Lack of access to resources –Its not so easy to find enough used tarpaulins and also colored (as Daniel Freitag cited) ‘While the company has been able to grow, the biggest challenge isn’t finances. It’s finding enough usable tarpaulin, especially with exotic colors and designs,- Daniel Freitag said at the â€Å"Out of the Bag† exhibition at Zurich’s design museum. Opportunities The external environment analysis may reveal certain new opportunities for profit and growth. Some examples of such opportunities include: Arrival of new technologies –Freitag is keeping updated with the development of technology to fulfill any new needs (i-Products and others) E-Business free essay sample Campusfood. coms recipe for success was a simple one: Provide interactive menus to college students, using the power of the Internet to replace and/or facilitate the traditional telephone ordering of meals. Launched at the University of Pennsylvania (Penn), the company takes thousands of orders each month for local restaurants, ringing pizzas, and other take away foods to the Penn community and to dozens of other universities. Founder Michael Saunders began developing the site campusfood. m) in 1997 while he was a Junior at Penn. With the help of some classmates, Saunders launched the site in 1998. After graduation, he began building the companys customer base. This involved expanding to other universities, attracting students, and generating a list of restaurants from which students could order food for delivery. Currently, some of these activities are outsourced to a marketing firm, enabling the addition of dozens of universities nationwide. In 2004, the company served 200 universi ties linked to over 1,000 restaurants. Financed hrough private investors, friends, and family members, the site was built on an investment of less than $1 million. (For comparison, another company with services also reaching the college-student market invested $100 million. ) Campusfood. coms revenue is generated through transaction fees†the site takes a 5 percent commission on each order from the sellers (the restaurants). When you visit Campusfood. com, you can: Navigate through a list of local restaurants, their hours of operation, addresses, phone numbers, and other information. Browse an interactive menu. The company akes a restaurants standard print menu and converts it to an electronic menu that lists every topping, every special, and every drink offered, along with the latest prices. Bypass busy telephone signals to place an order online, and in so doing, avoid miscommunications. Get access to special foods, promotions, and restaurant giveaways. The company is working to set up meal deals that are available online exclusively for Campusfood. com customers. Arrange for electronic payment for an order. University students who signed up at Titan Poker with a special bonus code rovided by Campusfood. om were eligible to play in a series of exclusive online poker tournaments (in April 2006). Winners received special Campusfood Cash Questions 1 . Classify this application by e-business transaction type. 2. Explain the benefits of Campusfood. com for its student customers and for the restaurants it represents. 3. Trace the flow of digitised information in this venture. 4. How does the out sourcing of the marketing activities contribute to the business? 5. What is the benefit of the Titan Poker contest to the company?

Ophelias Death-Suicide free essay sample

Hamlet is considered to be one of the greatest plays of all time, written by William Shakespeare. One of the subplots of the play is Hamlet’s love for Ophelia, the daughter of one of the King’s top advisors. Their relationship is a little rocky as the play progresses. Hamlet is actually away from Denmark when Ophelia dies. Ophelia’s father had recently been killed by Hamlet in a terrible accident, and she has now gone mad, singing nonsense songs and giving people flowers that she has picked from the garden. The cause of Ophelia’s death has been debated over the years. Did she commit suicide because she was mad, or was her death an accident? Although Ophelia was not entirely sane, details of how she drowned show that her death was an accident. Ophelia’s whole world is shattered after her father dies, because of her previous conflicting loyalties to her father, who had never approved of Hamlet’s relationship with Ophelia, and Hamlet now having killed him. We will write a custom essay sample on Ophelias Death-Suicide? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After her father’s murder she talks a lot of death, and her madness is apparent when she sings in a completely crazed way: He is dead and gone, lady, /He is dead and gone; /At his head a grass-green turf, /At his heels a stone. White his shroud as the mountain snow– Landed all with sweet flowers; /Which bewept to the ground did not go/With true-love showers. (4. 5. 37-45) Here Ophelia is mourning her father’s death. She’s put in a horrible situation – what things come to mind when someone kills your father? One would think that the conflicting emotions and irrational behavior preceding her death would suggest that she committed suicide. Ophelia’s father had been killed by Hamlet; anyone put in that situation would likely have thoughts of suicide. Ophelia’s actions in the scenes leading up to her death suggest it, but in truth it was caused by a terrible accident. If Ophelia’s intentions were to kill herself, she would likely either poison or stab herself, as they are both quick and easy; drowning is not usually the preferred method of suicide – it is long and painful. Looking closely at the text describing Ophelia’s death, it can be proved that Ophelia did not initially kill herself. There on the pendant boughs her coronet weeds/Clamb’ring to hang, an envious sliver broke, /When down her weedy trophies and herself/Fell in the weeping brook. Her clothes spread wide, /And mermaid-like awhile they bore her up,/Which time she chanted snatches of old lauds, /As one incapable of her own distress-(4. 7. 190-196) It says that â€Å"an envious sliver broke† which means a branch broke, which was the cause of Ophelia falling into the brook. Therefore, Ophelia did not jump. If Ophelia had for some odd reason decided to kill herself by jumping into the brook, she wouldn’t have brought the branch down with her. Although Ophelia’s death initially seems to be suicide, reading the text closely shows us that it was not. It is likely that suicide may have crossed Ophelia’s mind, because of the state that she was in, and that given the chance she may have decided to kill herself later on. For the way that she did die, her death appears to have been an accident. The description of Ophelia’s death holds more information about her actions as she drowned. Still, that does not mean that she did not want it. The phrase â€Å"Her clothes spread wide, /and mermaid-like awhile they bore her up-† (4. 7. 200-201). conveys a very powerful image of Ophelia, spread out and drowning. The pain and grief that she was in was no doubt something she would like to be rid of, and perhaps once the tree branch had broken, and she had fallen into the water she decided that what she had not had the courage to do before had just been done for her. She probably gave up to the currents of the water, and decided to let herself die.

The Standard Setting Process of Accounting in the Philippines Essay Example

The Standard Setting Process of Accounting in the Philippines Paper The Accounting Standard Council was created by the PICPA to formalize the accounting standard setting function in thePhilippines. The main function of the ASC is to establish and improve generally accepted accounting principles in the Philippines. The approved statements of the ASC are called â€Å"Statement of Financial Accounting Standards† or SFAS. In 1996, the Philippine accounting standards had been changed and based on IASC Accounting Standards. The International Accounting Standards Committee or IASC is an independent private sector which establishes the uniformity of the accounting principles in business organizations around the world. After changing into IASC accounting standards, a decision was made to move totally to International Accounting Standards (IAS) in 1997. The objective of the ASC in the Philippine Accounting Standards is to develop an understandable and enforceable accounting standard that require high quality, transparent and comparable information in the Financial Statements. From 1997 to 2000, the ASC developed accounting standards that were already based on IAS. But it is in the year 2001 that sweeping revisions of Philippine accounting standards are made in conformity with their counterpart in the IAS. The ASC set the year 2005 for the full adoption of the International Accounting standards in the Philippines. However, even before the Philippines had made full adoption of the International accounting Standards, improved and revised IAS and IFRS have been developed and promulgated. To monitor the revisions and redrafting of the IFRS and to ensure that improvements in the IFRS are being made effective in the Philippines, the Financial Reporting Standards Council (FRSC) was established in 2006. We will write a custom essay sample on The Standard Setting Process of Accounting in the Philippines specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Standard Setting Process of Accounting in the Philippines specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Standard Setting Process of Accounting in the Philippines specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It succeeded the ASC in its main function of establishing generally accepted accounting principles in the Philippines. In November 2006, FRSC formed the Philippine Interpretations Committee (PIC) to assist the former in establishing the financial reporting standards of the Philippines. Its main function is to recognize, measure, present and disclose requirements dealing with transactions and events that are important in the financial transactions. Other than the FRSC, the Board of Accountancy closely monitors the implementation of the PFRS.

The Mai Lai Massacre essays

The Mai Lai Massacre essays The Mai Lai Massacre was most likely the best-known act of violence of the war against communists of Vietnam. The Objective of the American military mission was clear:search and destro the Mai Lai hamlet of Son Mai village in Quang Ngai Province of South Vietnam. What was not clear was what to do with all the civillians who might be encountered at Mai Lai. On March 16, 1968, Captian Ernest Medina ordered Cahlie Company into combat. The 150 soldiers, led by Lieutenant William Calley, stormed into the hamlet, and within four hours more than 500 civilians-unarmed woman, children, and old men-were dead. Charlie Company had not encountered a single enemy soldier, and only three weapons were confiscated. When the soldiers in Charlie Company pushed into the hamlet, they expected to be locked into fierce combat with a Viet Cong battalion believed to be at Mai Lai. Charlie Company met no resistance-there were no Viet Cong soldiers at Mai Lai. Calley then ordered the slaughter of the civilians. People were rounded up into ditches and machine-gunned. They lay five feet deep in the ditches; any survivors trying to escape were immediately shot. When Calley saw a baby crawling away from a ditch, he grabbed it, threw it back into the ditch and opened fire. Some of the dead were mutilated by having "C Company" carved into their chests, adn some were disemboweled. An army helicopter piloted by Chief Warrant Officer Hugh Thompson arrived in the Mai Lai area, and noticed dead, dying civilians all over the village. He saw young boys and girls being shot repeatedly at point-blank range. Thompson immediately reported the wanton killing to the brigade headquarters. Right after reporting the killing, Thompson kept seeing bodies in ditches, including people who were still alive. He quickly landed his helicopter and told Calley to hold his men there while he evacuated the civilians. He put himself between Calley's men and the Vietnamese. ...

Human Resources management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Human Resources management - Essay Example This tough economic reality in today’s businesses is causing many HR professionals to re-examine existing HR policy and benefits structure in an effort to recognise cost reduction or enhance incentives-based HR programmes to muddle successfully through the economic turmoil. In difficult economic recessions, many business strategies look for â€Å"tangible, quantifiable problems and ignore softer issues such as employee engagement† (Nielsen, 2009, p.13). This would tend to suggest that cost reduction issues and changes to internal operational strategy are often the focus to combat negative outcomes stemming from tough economic conditions, somewhat obscuring less tangible needs such as creating a sense of belonging within the organisation, building job security, and ensuring that employees maintain a positive sense of self-identity related to the organisational environment. This paper highlights what steps are available to contemporary human resources professionals to gai n competitive edge and improve workplace relationships during periods of difficult economic growth and where slow recovery seems to be on the HR agenda. The effects on actions of key stakeholders will also be identified. A recent survey of 522 different HR managers identified that nearly all HR professionals believed their organisations had been negatively affected by the current financial environment (Khakti, 2009). At the strategic level, this creates considerable pressure by senior executive leadership to recognise areas of cost savings whilst also dealing with employee sentiment related to areas of job security. In order to meet these business pressures, nearly 81 percent of today’s HR managers have begun reviews of their bonus and benefits structures to identify a new methodology which meets with both employee satisfaction and organisation-wide cost reduction. Since â€Å"employees consistently rate benefits