European Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

European Law - Essay Example The European Union law is a set of treaties, law and court judgments. These operate alongside the legal systems of the member states of the European Union. It has a direct effect among within the member states of the European Union. When conflicts occur this law takes precedence over national laws. The primary source of the European law is the European Union treaties. These treaties are set on broad policy goals and establish institutions that can enact various types of legislations in order to achieve these goals. There are two types of legislative acts of the European Union, they are regulations and directives. Regulations become law when they come into force in member countries. They do not require any implementing measures and automatically overrides conflicting domestic provisions. The directives of the European Union require member states to achieve a certain result. Meanwhile it is left to the member countries how they are to be implemented. All the European Union legislations derive from the decisions that are taken at the European Union level. But the implementation largely occurs on the national level. Therefore the principle of uniformity is one of the central themes in the decisions made by the European court of justice. This court aims to ensure that the application and interpretation of the European Union laws does not differ between the member states (Application of EU law. 2010). The general principle of the law is found in almost every legal systems of Europe. Moreover the European court of justice has induced them into the legal orders to supplement all the written sources of the law and the treaties that are used as an aid for interpretation. The main principles of this law are protection of fundamental rights of citizens, principle of equality and discrimination, right of defense, principle of legal certainty, principle of

Shopping For Theoretical Perspectives at Wal-Mart Essay

Shopping For Theoretical Perspectives at Wal-Mart - Essay Example However, delving on Wal-Mart’s vision reveals its latent function of improving the well-being of consumers. A few centavo savings while seem so small and unnoticeable, may substantially accumulate in time and contribute to â€Å"the prosperity pool† (Kennon). Controlling the market, however, implies power over the consumers. Wal-Mart’s ability to decide what goods they sell appears to be a social dysfunction because of its discretion to discard locally produced services and goods (Preet). However, this dysfunction becomes itself a trigger for social change as it challenges the smaller stores and local producers to compete, thereby improving the quality of goods and services. Wal-Mart has likewise been viewed as implicating a class struggle. The lower, middle and higher classes maintain their status not because of the price factor but because of Wal-Mart’s control over their workers. If you try to examine the employees inside Wal-Mart, you cannot help but n otice the workers as the force that runs the entire establishment, yet outside you will hear how the company keeps them non-unionized. Low prices equate low wages for its employees, thus creating a continuous cycle of exploitation of the workforce, which in turn reinforces social inequalities. While Wal-Mart tapped into a fertile market for high profit—the poor (Heyer 2), it has simultaneously contributed to class conflict as the â€Å"poor gets poorer and the rich richer†Ã¢â‚¬â€the lower class being its source of low-wage manpower. It is, therefore, Wal-Mart’s social responsibility to improve conditions of employment and raise the level of social aid to the poor: starting with its workers. Ameliorating inequities begins with modifying its ways: welcoming unionization as a key to social change.